Eds. note: American Indians in Children's Literature is pleased to share Allie Jane Bruce's review of The Itsy Bitsy Pilgrim, by Jeffry Burton. Published in 2017 by Little Simon, I agree with Allie--this book is not recommended. --Debbie Reese
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The Itsy Bitsy Pilgrim, by Jeffry Burton, Ill. Sanja Rescek. Little Simon.
Reviewed by Allie Jane Bruce
In 1863, a White woman named Sarah Josepha Hale wrote a letter to Abraham Lincoln. Hale, a writer and editor (she is most famous for authoring “Mary Had a Little Lamb”), had an idea that she thought might help heal a divided nation: Lincoln should establish a national holiday to celebrate a fictionalized version of an historical encounter between Wampanoag people and English invaders in 1621. The narrative she told got a lot of things wrong, including the idea that the English people invited Wampanoag people to feast with them (they issued no invitation), and left out even more, such as the larger colonial genocide surrounding that “first Thanksgiving” (for more information about the actual events of 1621 Plymouth, check out 1621: A New Look At Thanksgiving by Catherine Grace and Margaret Bruchac, National Geographic Children’s Books, 9780792261391). Lincoln liked this bowdlerized version of history, and agreed to create the holiday—Thanksgiving—that Hale suggested. The story was canonized and enshrined.
150 years later, myriad books for children, including THE ITSY BITSY PILGRIM, are still telling that story. In addition to the atrocious rhyme scheme, vapid art, and overall insipid feel, THE ITSY BITSY PILGRIM checks all the usual boxes in perpetuating the Thanksgiving myth:
- The “pilgrims” (mice) in question are centered and framed as non-problematic settlers rather than increasingly hostile invaders
- The “pilgrims'” work—building houses, shoveling snow, growing food—is portrayed as entirely their own accomplishment (the Native folks do not show up until after Winter), when in reality, without Wampanoag help from the beginning, the people from England would likely have perished
- The tribe (Wampanoag) is not named—in fact, these “new friends” are not even identified as First/Native Nations
- The Wampanoag clothing is simplistic and stereotypical, down to the requisite feathers
- The pilgrim mice issue an invitation to the Wampanoag mice (this time, to “play”)
- Both groups sit and eat together in an uncomplicated, thanks-filled, joyful meal, after which…
- …the story ends, free from genocide, displacement, structural inequities, or any other inconvenient injustices.
That a board book could tackle a subject like genocide is, I know, unrealistic, and I do not mean to suggest that it should. I know that the 2-4 year old brain (for which this book is intended) is not built to understand such a concept (although young children hailing from cultures who’ve experienced genocide are often, inevitably, exposed to language and conversations about genocide from the time they’re born).
It is crucial, however, to examine the messages we have sent and continue to send, year after year, about Thanksgiving; at its essence, the holiday story airbrushes history, minimizes Native trauma, and assuages White guilt. No single board book can correct that, but it can perpetuate—or counter—those messages. The Itsy Bitsy Pilgrim unequivocally perpetuates them. I unequivocally do not recommend it.
